| |
 |
|
| |
| |
- One of the world's oldest civilizations i.e. The Indus Valley Civilization flourished around 3000 BC.
- The world's first 'International Residential University' was founded at Nalanda way back in 5th Century AD. University once housed 9 million books
- Nalanda (literally "the giver of the lotus"), about 55 miles south east of Patna , was a center of spiritual learning from the 5th century to the 12th century
- Nalanda was one of the first residential universities, i.e. it had dorms. During its days it was a flourishing residential university with over 10,000 students and 1500 teachers. The university was marked by a lofty wall and one gate.
- The library was located in a nine storied building.
- The Jain Tirthankara Mahavira attained Moksha at Pavapuri, which is located in Nalanda (also according to one sect of Jainism he was born in the nearby village called Kundalpur). The Gautama Buddha is believed to have visited Nalanda and given sermons near "the Mango Grove of Pavarika". Sariputta, the right hand disciple of the Buddha, was born and died in Nalanda. Asoka is said to have built a temple there. According to Tibetan sources, Nagarjuna taught there. However, historical studies indicate that the university was established c. 450.
- It was the center of education for scholars from all over Asia . Many Greek, Persian and Chinese students studied here
- A vast amount of what is considered to be Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana) actually stems from the late (9th-12th century) Nalanda teachers and traditions. Other forms of Buddhism, like the Mahayana followed in Vietnam , China , Korea and Japan , found their genesis within the walls of the ancient university. Theravada, the other main school of Buddhism , followed in Sri Lanka , Myanmar , Thailand , Cambodia , and elsewhere, and later the mystic Theravada schools also developed here.
- In 1193, the Nalanda University complex was sacked by Turkic invaders under Bakhtiyar Khalji; this event is seen as a milestone in the decline of Buddhism in India . It is said that Khalji asked if there was a copy of the Koran at Nalanda before he sacked it. When the Tibetan translator Chag Lotsawa visited them in 1235, he found them damaged and looted, but still functioning with a small number of monks. The destruction of the universities at Nalanda, as well as the destruction of many temples and monasteries throughout northern India which housed centers of learning, is considered by many historians to be responsible for the sudden demise of ancient Indian scientific thought in mathematics, astronomy, alchemy, and anatomy. Fortified Sena monasteries along the main route of the invasion were destroyed, and being off the main route both Nalanda and Bodh Gaya survived. Many institutions off the main route such as the Jagaddala Monastery in northern Bengal were untouched and flourishing.
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
